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BATTERIES


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BATTERY ON- OFF LOAD CHECK

Switch off the charger for the batteries.
This is Battery off-load. see the voltage of battery in the meter.

Supply is coming from ship’s main.
Now switch off the main power feeder.
Now supply is coming from the battery. This is on load to the battery.

In Battery on-load, make a blind test call on a working frequency on full power.
Observe the voltage in the meter.

The voltage drop should not go beyond 1 to 1.5 V

If it falls beyond 1 to 1.5 V, it is the time for the Battery to be charged.
(You can practice this in SIMULATOR. Below SAT C BDU, you can see the battery icon. Click on this)

What is Battery off load?
Power supply coming to the GMDSS equipment is from the ship’s main.

What is Battery on-load?
The power supply is coming from the Battery.
GMDSS equipment is on=load to the Battery.

BATTERY CAPACITY TEST
 YEARLY TEST
Batteries must be fully charged.
After fully charged,
Specific gravity and Voltage of each cell reading to be noted down.
Then make a Electrical board of 5 bulbs connected in parallel.
5 bulbs are in parallel connection.
Each bulb is 100W/24V
Connect this electrical board to the Battery
Discharge for  six hours
Every hour, take readings of specific gravity and voltage of each cell
This report to be submitted at the time of inspection/survey

(NOTE: EACH BULB IS 100 WATTS/24 VOLTS
WAATS/VOLTS= AMPS
100/24=4.4 AMPS
5 BULBS IN PARRALEL= 5 X 4.4 = 22.0 AMPS
GMDSS ALL EQUIPMENTS ON CONSUMPTION = 20 AMPS)

After the Battery Capacity test, what will you do?
Let the Battery gets cool down
After that, recharge the Batteries.
It should be fully charged again.

Why is five bulbs of 100W/24V in parallel connection chosen for Battery
Capacity test?
5 bulbs of 100W/24V in parallel = all GMDSS equipment on-load

5 bulbs of 100W/24V in parallel is equivalent to keep all GMDSS equipments
On load.

(Why 6 bulbs are not used for battery capacity test?
It has to draw 20 AH (as all GMDSS equipments ON condition and they will consume 20 AH)
5 bulbs of  100 w/24 v in parallel will draw 20 AH)

If the battery is not in good condition, how will you find out?
In Battery Capacity Test, if there is a lot variations in the readings,
It is not in good condition.

If the battery is not in good condition, what will you do?
We should indent for a new Battery.

How will you indent for a new Battery for GMDSS equipment?
OR
What is the good condition of GMDSS equipment Battery?
2 numbers of LEAD ACID Battery – specific gravity of 1250 –
Voltage of 2.2V per cell – and Battery capacity of 200 AH

Can we use 180 AH Battery for GMDSS equipment?
We can use 180 AH or 200 AH capacity Battery whichever is available
In the market
Consumption of GMDSS equipment is 20 AH
180 AH Battery – for continuous usage for 9 hours
200 AH battery – for continuous usage is 10 hours
As per GMDSS regulations,
Battery should be able to work continuously with GMDSS equipments ON-LOAD
Is 6 hours
If the Motor Generator is the alternate source of energy, how will you maintain?
If the motor generator is the alternate source of energy to the GMDSS
Equipment,
Then-
Run the Generator ON-LOAD and observe for its good working.
Make a log entry about it.

From where is the supply coming to GMDSS equipments?
From ship’s main

What is the alternative (reserve)  source of power supply (energy?
Battery

What type of battery is used?
Lead Acid battery. It is a secondary battery.

What does secondary Battery mean?
It means it is a rechargeable Battery.

What is primary Battery?
It can not be recharged.

How is the specific gravity measured?
With HYDROMETER

How often do you do the battery on-off load check?
Daily

Why do you do the battery on-off load check?
To check the charge level of the battery

Why do you conduct the battery capacity test?
To see the good condition of the battery

As per GMDSS regulations, this battery should be able to take the load of GMDSS equipment for at least 6 hours continuously.

How often do you conduct this battery capacity test?
Yearly

What is ‘Capacity’ of a battery?
Amount of energy delivered in a standard period of time is called Capacity
Of a battery
It is measured in ampere hour - AH

How much current is consumed by GMDSS equipment?
20 AH

Why is Lead Acid Battery preferable?
Lead Acid Battery is capable of delivering extremely high current, running
Into hundreds of amperes


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Precautions to be taken while working on batteries

Make sure that battery lockers/compartments are well ventilated at all times & specially before entering
No naked flames near batteries
Do not smoke near batteries
Do not use the battery compartments as storage lockers.
in heavy weather, things may fall across the batteries causing short circuit
which can lead to fire or explosion

Always wear goggles, safety shoes, rubber gloves, and safety clothing.
Do not drop any tools on the battery terminals as this cause a short circuit
If at any time, electrolyte has to be made up always add acid to water never add water to acid.



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Battery

What is battery?
Many cells together form a battery.

What is primary battery?
Primary cell is one which cannot be charged after use.

.what is secondary battery?
Secondary cell is one which after discharge can be charged and used again (Rechargeable)

What type of battery is used for GMDSS equipments?
The most commonly used battery for ships GMDSS equipments is the Lead acid battery.
Secondary battery rechargeable
What is the fully charged battery condition?
 fully charged each cell has an output voltage of 2.2 volts.

Capacity of battery means?
Ampere Hour capacity is the amount of energy that a battery can deliver over a standard period of discharge time.

Specific Gravity of battery?
Fully charged lead acid cell will show a specific gravity of 1250
A dead cell would show a Sp. Gr of 1150

(The Sp. Gr of a cell is a better indication than the voltage of the cell because even a fully discharged cell could show a reading of 1. 95 volts)

What is specific gravity?
Specific gravity = the ratio between the weight of the water and to that of the liquid
(Hydrometer mercury shows the readings)

What is Sulphation?
If the cell is left in a discharged state for a longer period then sulphation takes place

What is Buckling?
If the cells are over charged the plates bend due to heat. This could even result is the plates short circuiting.
Is Automatic Charging provided?
The SOLAS Convention requires that, if storage batteries are used as the reserve energy source, they must be provided with automatic charging arrangements.


Where is the Lithium battery used?
Lithium battery is used in EPIRB, SART and the GMDSS VHF

What are the special features of Lithium battery?
A lithium battery of 18 volts is used for the above mentioned safety equipments.
Lithium batteries require nil maintenance,
have a long shelf life period,
leak proof,
and are capable of delivering a steady discharge current over an extended period.

BATTERIES
secondary battery, Lead Acid battery
Positive plate – anode – Lead peroxide
Negative plate – Cathode – Spongy lead

Dilute sulfuric acid: Distilled water
                                  1: 3
Fully discharged voltage level – 1.95 V
SP/ Gravity: 1250 – 1150




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